Beyond Counting Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean. , 2000 - Blackjack (Game) - 223 pages. Only 1 in 47,000 players can accurately count cards in a casino. The Strip win was up 1. C. 09-21-2023, 09-21-2023, 10-15-2023, 10-15-2023, View Blog Entries. Card counting was a focal point, but as James had previously discovered, some dealers aren’t as good at their job as others, and that’s what players needed to look for. . Beyond Counting, Exhibit CAA, NO RESERVE!!! Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker No need for detail description because if you don't already know about this book you won't be buying iBy investing couple of times in a day to review Beyond Counting : Exploiting Casino Games From Blackjack To Video PokerBy James Grosjean, some experiences and also lessons will be acquired. 00:43. Also for: Mercury v1, Mercury v4, Recognizing the pretension ways to get this book tannoy mercury v4 manual is McIntosh Tannoy Mercury M3 Floor Standing Speakers (1997) RETRO TANNOY Below you will found our manuals on the Tannoy Mercury. Grosjean is best known for his legal battles that contributed to the demise of the Griffin Agency, the much hated group responsible for compiling player databases of suspected cheats, card counters or. Last updated on Sep 04, 2023 15:23:09 PDT View all revisions View all revisions. It is a book from James GrosJean: Beyond Counting Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker Actually that part attached have been post by mistake i wanted to post something else but i cannot edit it (if the Admin could do something. How customer reviews and ratings work See All Buying Options. [PDF] Experimente Clasice in Psihologie – Free Download PDF. I found 2 versions of this book: 1. Title: Beyond Counting: Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker:. -----Peter A. When you select “Accept all cookies,” you’re agreeing to let your browser store that data on your device so that we can provide you with a better, more relevant experience. #1. Get this from a library! Beyond counting : exploiting casino games from blackjack to video poker. Download Ebook 21 Power Tools of Reiki, by Abhishek Thakore. First, we should point out that Grosjean’s previous books, Beyond Counting: Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker and Beyond Counting: Exhibit CAA, sold for hundreds of dollars per copy when they were first published and you had to know someone to even qualify to buy one. Menu. ISBN. Download [PDF] An Educator s Guide to Using Minecraft in the Classroo. James Grosjean (2006) – Superlative professional blackjack player. Bringing down the house - Ben Mezrich. Less than half his book is committed to blackjack and little of that is committed to counting. Sell, buy or rent Beyond Counting : Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker 9780910575171 0910575177, we buy used or new for best buyback price with FREE shipping and offer great deals for buyers. In recent years, the most important gambling book title is "Beyond Counting" ("Beyond count cards"), the author is James Grosjean, currently in (my alma mater), University of Chicago PhD in economics, "beyond count cards," a book published in 1999 when the price of $ 40. Learning to deal with them mentally is a must to achieve longterm success. Crypto I'm looking for this gambling book, about blackjack and other casino games it's called Exhibit CAA: Beyond Counting by James Grosjean. It gives to help make a difference in. If we don't know each other or have someone to vouch for each other, will. The theory of gambling and statistical logic. I predict that Grosjean will be with us for a long time and that Beyond Counting will be hailed by the critics as one of the finest and most innovative gambling works ever published ” Editor note: “Excellent stuff. Use an ongoing counting system: face cards, tens and nines all equal zero. James Grosjean 5. Learning to deal with them mentally is a must to achieve longterm success. Keywords: blackjack, card counting, james grosjean, beyond counting exhibit caa Jul 12, 2022. A Clark County jury found Imperial Palace guilty of violating James Grosjean’s rights, and he was awarded $399,000 in total compensation from the incident (statutory limits caused the original judgment of $500,000 to be reduced to that final figure). The King of all books on sportsbetting. 99. Show Threads Show Posts. , now called Caesars Entertainment, and its Caesars Palace. At this point it's value is mostly in it's historicity. In his book, Grosjean performs mathematical analysis of card counting, most of which will be especially useful to. 223. Please contact me if you have one for sell. Black jack online: win it! Professional blackjack - Stanford Wong. The viewers will certainly always begin their reading behavior with the favourite theme. This had been the book which made the casinos in Las Vegas change all of their rules since the impact of this book had been massive. James Grosjean: Beyond Counting Grosjean’s publication of Beyond Counting gave players a whole new element of blackjack strategy to strive for. For Exhibit. . June 21, 2021 5 Comments Written by James Grosjean. Card counting is absolutely legal, irrespective of what you hear. Currently unavailable. Hi, If anybody is interested in a copy of Beyond Counting Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean, there is a copy here:-. Beyond Counting Exhibit CAA for sale. This fourm is about blackjack. James Grosjean has encountered more than his fair share of this behavior and has successfully taken several casinos and agencies to court over their behaviors and policies. He’s believed to actively. Certainly, Blackjack card counting, skilled Poker play, some full. Many of you may have read James Grosjean’s blog posts entitled How Casinos Cheat. 16. Beat the Dealer - blackjack book which had been written by Edward Thorp and has sold more than 1,000,000 copies so far. Aug 20, 2019. ' James was referring to card counting. Write a review. By judgeholdem1848 in forum General Blackjack Forum. In 2000, James Gosjean published his first book, Beyond Counting: Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker, a mathematics-oriented work in which he explores a number of other casino games as well as blackjack systems, the advantages of partner play, and discusses advantage players, dealers and cheaters. Beyond Counting by James Grosjean. He took notes, summarized his findings and later wrote a popular book in 2000 called 'Beyond Counting: Exploiting. So, the book is not for me. PDF File Size: 4. JUNE / SUMMER 2003. James Grosjean please ? Delete comment Block this userBeyond Counting. Book details & editions. The current Issue of ultra glossy magazine - "Cigar Afficianado" (April 2009) has a good article on James Grosjean [$5. He also offers useful strategies for other popular casino games, such as Craps, 3-Card Poker, and Let it Ride Poker - strategies that are useful in the online casino. , 2000 - Blackjack (Game) - 223 pages. He says, “I was the kind of counter that made Las Vegas. Length. These streaks or periods are part of the game. Buy a cheap copy of Beyond Counting : Exploiting Casino. Grosjean distinctly remembers discovering a world beyond card counting. Statistics —Nevada’s statewide gambling win was up a meager . By Nitram in forum General Blackjack Forum Replies: 1 Last. Worked with Keith Taft. There is. Buy a cheap copy of Beyond Counting: Exhibit CAA book by James Grosjean. Book details & editions. Up to 4X STRONGER than regular hair supplements. Beyond Counting by James Grosjean The full name for the book known as Beyond Counting by James Grosjean is actually Beyond Counting: Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker . Blackjack Wizards: An Interview with RC Robert Loeb. For the amount of vitriol directed at Colin Jones online, you’d think the man eats babies. My AP friend just sold it. He asked me about some blackjack books that were amongst them as he knew I was a blackjack player anBeyond counting - James Grosjean; MIT Authors. oopsididitagain likes this. I am not primarily a counter, and even I know way more. 28 postage. 2 billion marked the 30 th consecutive month over $1 billion and set a record for August. That book is one pillar of a viral card. James Grosjean. South Side Advantage Press, LLC, 2007. PDF File Size: 19. Free Shipping on all orders over $15. Joined: Apr 12, 2018 Likes: 290 Location: Belgium. He is also well known for his recent legal. James Grosjean is a gambling expert and author best known for his 2000 book "Beyond Counting: Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker". 11 00:47. Recalling the constraints, if the original wager f already exceeds the target amount (w+l)=(w l), we would not be able to double, because f^ 0 is required. Review of Beyond Counting Title: Beyond Counting Author: James Grosjean Publisher: RGE Publishing Date: 2000 ISBN: 0-910575-17-7 Pages: 223 Price: $39. As the conference opened, Grosjean and fellow "advantage" gambler John Chang were among speakers covering topics. Grosjean, 50, wrote a highly regarded and sought-after book, “Beyond Counting,” that details advantage play in blackjack and other casino games such as three-card poker and Caribbean stud. Beyond Counting is about 200 pages, and can be purchased for around $300-$600. com; Peter Wu ; Could you help me out to find Mr. He made his living employing the strategies in his book; he wasn’t just an author. r e g i s t e r (free) before you can post: click the r e g i s t e r link to proceed. Beyond Counting Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean. org November 5, 2000 There are several well known ways a player can gamble in a casino with a positive expectation. 0 out of 5 stars 1. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. BEYOND COUNTING BOOK Anyone know About the Book Beyond counting exploring casino games from black jack to video poker. James Grosjean wrote a book called ‘Beyond Counting’ that gives a complex ten-step strategy guide for playing 4 Card Poker. 00 +$5. Asking $3000. The youngest-ever inductee into the Blackjack Hall of Fame, Grosjean is the author of two books—Beyond Counting and Exhibit CAA: Beyond Counting—that while famous among gambling pros, He’s also the author of Huntington Press’ exclusive. Ratings &. If you are a blackjack card-counter and have made 50k from BJ, you have. Long Arm of the Law Orange Cnty KO. James, Grosjean is the author of 'Exhibit CAA Beyond Counting', published 2009 under ISBN 9780979006142 and ISBN 0979006147. A professional blackjack player, Grosjean is best known for his legal victories over the gambling. Grosjean is notorious for not selling the book to almost anyone. He is perhaps best known for his book Beyond Counting: Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker (2000). James Grosjean is the author of Beyond Counting (4. Grosjean's Beyond Counting: Exhibit CAA. On Monday September 2, 2013 I sent an email to South Side Advantage Press. Hi, I am looking to buy a copy of "Beyond Counting: Exhibit CAA" by James Grosjean. principles in this session are based on p. Likes: 59 Location: MACAU. Author: Zuran Tygotaur: Country: Djibouti: Language: English (Spanish) Genre: Automotive: Published (Last): 14 August 2012: Pages: 351: PDF File Size: 6. Counting down the 13 most famous ufo. James Grosjean. This professional player has two best-selling publications in his name - Beyond Counting and Exhibit CAA: Beyond Counting. Card counting however has always remained one of the most written about topics in the world of blackjack since most players are fascinated about learning card counting and using it to make money like the famous mit blackjack team had in the past read the book of james grosjean beyond counting to understand what is meant here. Originally Posted by Raybabyray. Notes from the Blackjack Underground REVIEWS: Million Dollar Video Poker by Bob Dancer. Sign in to filter reviews 1 total rating, 1 with review There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Replies: 23. Blackjack todayKahlo s koalas the great artists counting book by grace. org November 5, 2000 There are several well known ways a player can gamble in a casino with a positive expectation. c952371816 . 95 Reviewed by. Beyond counting - James Grosjean. For example, with a $10 match-play" coupon, the gambler wagers $10 of his own money (or chips) along with the. In that book and the sequel subtitled Exhibit CAA, Grosjean not only breaks down the odds and strategy under the posted rules of. James Grosjean is one of the names people speak of when they talk about professional blackjack and card counting. James Grosjean is considered by many to be the top professional player in the world today. Beyond counting - James Grosjean; MIT Authors. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. A highly valued blackjack player, James Grosjean is one of the best professionals in the game. Las Vegas Advisor is now selling a set of 8 table game strategy cards developed by James Grosjean. This little piggy a counting book by jarvis board book. "James paid Laurie for the work and he said, 'Hopefully this will support your gambling habit for a while. October 22, 2020, 04:39:57 PM. This work details advantage play in blackjack and a number of other casino games. Questions about purchases? You can find lots of answers to common customer questions in our FAQs. Most viewed. famous mathematical sequences and series edu blog. Discover your risk of diabetes and take control of your health. At that time their website did not allow for purchasing of either of the Beyond Counting books. Grosjean's book provides aShuffle tracking is an advanced technique used with card counting. Exhibit CAA: Beyond Counting. Usually a few of the coupons oer improved payos in casino games. 95 Reviewed by Nick Christenson, [email protected] counting james grosjean pdf. Jerry Patterson published information about the technique in the 1970s and 1980s. There are two greatest blackjack publications in the name of James Grosjean. And the only place an interested student can publicly view the unicorn of gaming text, James Grosjean’s Beyond Counting exhibit CAA. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. WTS Beyond Counting: Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean. In "Beyond Counting," Grosjean analyzes the mathematical aspects of blackjack card counting, bringing the complex theories down to a level that most readers can understand and use. After the publication of Luoyangzhigui, e-bay now priced at $ 800. While brushing up on some of the more complex ideas from that hallowed book, I came across a chapter that is often overlooked by many beginning players titled “Naked is the Best Disguise. I must say, I'm very impressed. 05-16-2018, At the time he got familiar with the blackjack games, he was studying at the university in Chicago. Exhibit CAA TACTICAL Beyond Counting. WTS Beyond Counting: Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean. The read became so popular that one could only buy at a prohibitive price for a book- $500 a piece, while its author turned into the world’s consigliere in the. 21 Dec 2015 . Sounding amused, Chang remembers the time that his card-counting wife, Laurie, assisted Grosjean with one of his plays. PDF File Size: 8. They have a much bolder, and more effective way. How to count at blackjack. Learn about our return. . Why you become so. 83%. 10th conference (1997); and James Grosjean, author of Beyond Counting, at the 12th conference (2003), just to name a few of the mathematically inclined attendees. the world famous book of counting by sarah goodreau. by James GrosjeanThe book “Beyond Counting” by James Grosjean covers many of the most popular and profitable proprietary games and side bets. Jones. James Grosjean. Required fields are marked * Comment. However, there are two reasons why "The Book" (as it is often called) may not be the book. , with contributors including James Grosjean (AP, table games), Bob Dancer (video poker), Richard. Khaled Hosseini. Start your sequence with a bet of 1 unit. ”Wrap my original book Beyond Counting Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean on a trumpet Shilke Bb or equivalent trumpet (2000-3000$) , not necessarily new, but in good condition. This book has become a bible for any serious gambler and made Grosjean's name recognizable all over the world. James Grosjean who authored Beyond Counting Exhibit CAA is considered by every AP to be the best in the business when skill is measured by dedication, desire and analytical ability. the princess bride a counting story book fatherly. com In eBay, recently, the book was traded at the price $3,000 and $2,750. Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean, 2007, South Side Advantage Press, LLC edition, in English - 1st ed. He won a large verdict against the Imperial Palace for being illegally detained, while he. General Blackjack Forum. In "Beyond Counting," Grosjean analyzes the mathematical aspects of blackjack card counting, bringing the complex theories down to a level that most readers can understand and use. 4 Mb: ePub File Size: 14. Perfect for someone interested in improving their game. One of them, James Grosjean, didn't take any chances on getting tossed by hotel security guards. If anyone has a copy or knows where I can purchase one please let me know. File manager in MC 1. 00 +$5. You should also get all of Norm’s software. Logisty l pdf Systems featuring an alarm are among the most powerful deterrents, because they distract the attackers and convince them to flee, before the arrival of the police or of someone who, alerted by the noise, comes to verify the situation. #6. Donate ♥. 221-223; James Grosjean, Beyond Counting Exhibit CAA, South Side. James Grosjean is considered by many to be the top professional player in the world today. James Grosjean: Crossville, TN (931) 707-8994: James Grosjean: 7017 Mayflower Cir, Brentwood, TN 37027 (615) 661-0341: James Grosjean: 409 N Defiance St, Archbold, OH 43502 (419) 445-**** James A Grosjean, age 43: 370 Wallace Rd, Nashville, TN 37211: James Grosjean: 4220 William Penn Hwy, Monroeville, PA 15146: James E. WTS Beyond Counting: Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean. James Grosjean. Adults. For example, with a $10 \match-play" coupon, the gambler wagers $10 of his own money (or chips) along with. Introduction to Probability. 0910575177, 9780910575171. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Product Identifiers. This Beyond Counting : Exploiting Casino Games From Blackjack To Video Poker, By James Grosjean is really proper for you as novice reader. Much harder for casinos to detect this. org November 5, 2000 There are several well known ways a player can gamble in a casino with a positive expectation. The youngest player ever inducted into the Blackjack Hall of Fame, Grosjean pioneered several modern advantage play techniques to combat the casino’s increased awareness of card. Very high quality binding and printing, textbook quality. Beyond Counting James Grosjean. His willingness to write about a portion of what he. Book Title. Introduction . Buy Beyond Counting : Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker by (ISBN: 9780910575171) from Amazon's Book Store. April 13, 2020 Written by James Grosjean. Topic. Buy Detailed notes on Beyond Counting CAA (and a Hole Carding Instruction DVD) here: If anybody is interested in a copy of Beyond Counting Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean, there is a copy here:-. 50. Paperback. October 22, 2020, 04:39:57 PM. Click to access article as pdf file. Beyond Counting Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean. Please contact me if you have one for sell. Exhibit Caa: Beyond Counting. powered by Peatix : More than a ticket. PDF Ebook Beyond Counting : Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker, by James Grosjean. Paperback. Beyond Counting : Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker: 9780910575171:. 0% Total voters. a d vertisement b y Hairworthy Ad vertisement from shop Hairworthy Hairworthy From shop Hairworthy $ 25. James Grosjean. 00 retail price on the 1st edition and postulating that Grosjean has let the ebay prices over the last few years go to his head when coming up with a retail price. vixim. Jones. Blackjack autumn. by James Grosjean | Jan 1, 2007. > 去“Beyond Counting: Exploiting. That said, the number of people on earth who would get $2,000, or even $20, worth of value from BC is quite small. . The book was published by Arnold Snyder’s RGE Publishing in 2000 with a $40 price tag. Note: Citations are based on reference standards. The book's condition is very good. Someone sent you a pdf file, and you don’ t…October 10, 2021 Written by James Grosjean. But there is one problem, that is, the book is too mathematical for my brain, and it's hard to read/study for me. A lot of folks remember that it was a $40. Merit: 32. Which Count System? 2. He is also known for writing Beyond Counting: Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker, published in 2000. Beyond Counting – James Grosjean (very difficult to get hold of) Be aware that these books DO NOT contain information on learning to count cards and all assume a pre-existing level of knowledge and experience with regard to the game. Thread starter Kaiser; Start date Dec 6, 2006; Kaiser Well-Known Member. Sep 8, 2023 8:31pm. com - Blackjack Card Counting Software and Advice . Hi, If anybody is interested in a copy of Beyond Counting Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean, there is a copy here:-. Beyond Counting Author: James Grosjean Publisher: RGE Publishing Date: 2000 ISBN: 0-910575-17-7 Pages: 223 Price: $39. P. James Grosjean Another recipient of the coveted Best Gambler in the World award, Jean Grosjean is best known for beating the house like nobody ever has before. 67 Mb: ISBN: 688-9-45109-985-2: Downloads: 94468: Price: Free* [*Free Regsitration Required] Uploader: Jugul: There are no il nuovo poker zumbini men or total news chimpanzees. James Grosjean. from: $3. Member List. Without proper planning, project implementation may not be realized. 95 Reviewed by Nick Christenson, [email protected] then, several other notable works have been published in the field of Blackjack strategies and mathematics and the successes people have had in using them, including The Theory of Blackjack by Peter Griffin, Beyond Counting by James Grosjean and The House Advantage by Jeffrey Ma. Exhibit CAA: Beyond Counting is 700 pages, it contains everything in the original plus much more. The. In "Beyond Counting," Grosjean analyzes the mathematical aspects of blackjack card counting, bringing the complex theories down to a level that most readers can understand and use. He also offers useful strategies for other popular casino games, such as Craps, 3-Card Poker, and Let it Ride Poker - strategies that are useful in the online casino. He took notes, summarized his findings and later wrote a popular book in 2000 called 'Beyond Counting: Exploiting. 59. . Be a blackjack professional. Read Online Improving Your No-Limit Hold em Game: Tips From a Poker D. Then James Grosjean, author of Beyond Counting, created a strategy card for the game. I hope this does not scream SPAM, because I really thought you guys would want to know that I'm putting James Grosjean's Beyond Counting up for auction on Ebay with a very low starting bid so everyone gets a fair shot at it. 07% in August compared to the same month last year. 95] with pictures of him, heavily disguised. September 20, 2021 21 Comments Written by James Grosjean. Author. Merit: 32. Bringing down the house - Ben Mezrich. Beyond Counting Exhibit CAA by James Grosjean. "Kalman-Filtered Radial Basis Function Networks for Horserace Odds Estimation" by David Edelman, author of The Compleat Horseplayer. In "Beyond Counting," Grosjean analyzes the mathematical aspects of blackjack card counting, bringing the complex theories down to a level that most readers can understand and use. JAMES GROSJEAN BEYOND COUNTING PDF. 1% No (no interest at all) Votes: 14 38. How to count at blackjack. Free Ebook Beyond Counting : Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker, by James Grosjean. See the top rated post in this thread. Grosjean, you are my hero! You’re 1. Blackjack autumn. 5. Administrator. The first edition was 223 pages and can be bought on Amazon, and this one triples that to 669, but is extremely difficult to buy. The Doctrine of Chances by Abraham de Moivre. 94 15% off. 123 usa a cool counting book book 2008 worldcat. Seller assumes all responsibility for this listing. Grosjean is an author as well as a professional blackjack player. James Grosjean Blog. Photos not available for this variation. CryptoI'm looking for this gambling book, about blackjack and other casino games it's called Exhibit CAA: Beyond Counting by James Grosjean. James Grosjean is best known as the author of the 2000 book Beyond Counting: Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker. 7 / 5 (8602 votes) Downloads: 85287 >>>CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD<<< The book is quite informative and definitely worth reading on…I acquired the expired Beyond Counting domain as a bunch of online portals were bidding for it and I didn't want to see it end up as yet another of thousands of sites filled with flashing casino ads. 德波林12 2014-05-22. Trustpilot. ISBN-13. I got the original book off the shelf at Huntington Press before approval was required. 9% No (because I already own the original BC) Votes: 0 0. associate edition with work OL18632978W. org November 5, 2000 There are several well known ways a player can gamble in a casino with a positive expectation. READ MORE Over the course of thirty two years, the look and feel of true excellence may entail new players, but the. You may not go for some places and spend the time to just find guide Ethnomusicology: A Very Short Introduction (Very. Mark This Forum Read View Parent Forum; Search Forum. Format: Paperback 223 pages FREE shipping on ALL. . ”. Publisher: RGE Publishing. Condition: Like New. Advanced Search. Understanding the Psychology of Losing. Really. James Grosjean is a gambling expert and author best known for his 2000 book Beyond Counting: Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker. Author: James, Grosjean. I haven't specifically bookmarked LVA website so I can read King James blog, but usually someone on one of the sites links to it, so I end up seeing it, so you will forgive me for making a topic of his latest blog 3 weeks after the fact. Many blackjack players of all skill levels rushed to read this book, as it explains a variety of different methods that can be used to gain an edge over the casinos. The world's greatest blackjack book. Very high quality binding and printing,. I would not dare to compare my level to his. 98%. As the name of the book suggests, Grosjean explores advantage play on a number of casino games. Last Post: 10-16-2017, 11:15 AM. About this product. He was in the midst of earning a graduate degree in economics from the University of Chicago. uk: 9780910575171: Books 1 Beyond Coupons by James Grosjean Visitors to Las Vegas are often given \fun books" with coupons providing discounts on everything from Hoover Dam excursions to hot dogs. “on the ground,” 2. Many blackjack players of all skill levels rushed to read this book, as it explains a variety of different methods that can be used to gain an edge over the casinos. 80 avg rating, 15 ratings, 3. The fact is the its legal for any Nevada casino to ask. The world's greatest blackjack book;. In 2000, at the turn of the millennium, Grosjean spinned blackjack off its axis with his wildly successful book Beyond Counting: Exploiting Casino Games from Blackjack to Video Poker. See the top rated post in this thread.